Urinary obstruction (a blocked bladder) in male cats is a true and common veterinary emergency that can become life-threatening within hours if left untreated.
Early recognition and prompt treatment are essential to prevent severe complications, including kidney failure and dangerous electrolyte imbalances.
Male cats due to anatomical reasons are more prone to obstruction, but female cats can also suffer from obstruction/other lower urinary tract disease and should be monitored as closely.
Case Study
An owner noticed their young male cat visiting the litter box frequently and straining to urinate. No urine had been passed on that day, and they quickly brought their cat in for examination. His bladder was large, painful and blood/urine tests were carried out to rule out any abnormalities.
Urinary obstruction can lead to a life-threatening condition called hyperkalaemia, where potassium builds up and affects heart function, possibly causing cardiac arrest. Fortunately, blood tests showed no signs of hyperkalaemia, and kidney values came back as normal. This significantly improves prognosis but does not determine the cause of the obstruction.
However, crystals were found on urine tests (known as struvite crystals), which can develop due to changes in urine pH. If left untreated, these crystals can cause irritation and potentially form stones in the bladder or urinary tract.
During further examination, a large white plug was removed from the end of the urethra (tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body), which, upon further inspection under the microscope, revealed numerous struvite crystals. These crystals over time have formed in the urine, formed a crystal plug and unfortunately blocked this cat’s bladder.
To alleviate discomfort, medication for bladder pain relief and a special urinary diet were prescribed to help dissolve the crystals. This cat was discharged and recovered extremely well due to his owner’s prompt recognition of signs!
Signs Owners Should Watch For
Why Regular Urine Checks Matter
Routine urine testing can help identify crystals, inflammation, infections, and changes in urine concentration or pH before they progress into serious disease. Regular monitoring at least every 6 months is especially important for male cats, cats with previous urinary issues, and cats on dry-food-only diets.
A special litterbox kit can be used at home to collect urine or urine can easily be obtained by bringing your cat into the clinic for us to retrieve a sterile sample directly from their bladder.
Prevention Tips for Owners
Urinary changes in cats can range from mild to very serious and monitoring your cat’s urine regularly will significantly reduce the chance of this happening! Speak to a team member in clinic if you would like more information.
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